William iiochhactsen



W. HOGHHAUSEN SYSTEM OPARO AND INOANDESOENT ELEGTRIO LIGHTING. I

N0.v 416,611. Patented Dec. 3, 1889.

[Men/$07 my WMZWM UNITED STATES PATE T OFFICE.

ILLIAM IIOCHHAUSEN, OF NElV YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE EXCELSIOR ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

- SYSTEM OF ARC AND INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LIGHTING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 416,611, dated December 3, 1889. Application filed August 6, 1883. Serial No. 102,986. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM I'IOCHHAUSEN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York, in the county of New York 5 and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Systems of Arc and Incandescent Lighting, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to systems of combined I arc and incandescent electric lighting, and is designed, primarily, to overcome a difliculty in the practical and successful working of such systems. Chen electric-arc lamps are placed on the .same circuit with incandescent lamps arrangedin multiple are and the whole supplied with current from a machine or generator provided with an automatic current-regulator, there is danger of the destruction of the'incandescent lamps when the arc lights are deranged so as to lessen the resistance, owing to the failure of the automatic current-regulator to act quickly enough in restoring the current strength to a normal or proper amount. It is the design of my invention to prevent damage to the incandescent lamps from derangement of the arc lamps and sluggishness of the regulator; and to this end my invention consists in the combination, with a system of arc and incandescent lamps supplied with current from a machine provided with an automatic current-regulator, of an electromagnet of high resistance arranged in abranch around the system of incandescent lamps in multiple arc and a normally-open auxiliary branch controlled by said electl'o-magnet and containing a resistance, all arranged to operate as hereinafter more fully explained.

My invention consists, further, in the combination, with a number of incandescent lamps arranged in multiple arc, of an electromagnet of high resistance in a branch around said lamps, an extra branch containing a resistance and controlled by said electro-mag- 5 net, and with each incandescent lamp an extra or duplicate lamp, a switch controlling the circuit thereof, and an electro-magnet for normally holding said switch out of operation placed in each multiple-arc connection between the points of connection of the extra or duplicate lamp.

My invention consists, further, in certain combinations of devices and apparatus that will be specified in the claims hereto annexed.

The accompanying sheet of drawings illustrates diagrammatically the principles of my invention, and shows also the details of construction relating to the incandescent lamps and the switch for lighting a fresh lamp in case of the destruction of the lamp in use.

G indicates a dynamo-electric machine or generator or other source of supply having any suitable current-regulator that adapts the current to changes in the resistance upon the circuit supplied, so as to keep the amount of current constant. In the present instance the automatic regulation is supposed to be accomplished by shifting the commutatorbrushes, which are here shown as mounted upon a brush-holder A, having a rack, which holder may be turned in either direction by means of a shaft B, operated by any suitable mechanism.

As automatic regulators are well known, I do not propose herein to describe such in detail, since my invention does not consist in any particular form of regulator, but in the combination, with any automatic regulator and machine supplying lamps arranged in the manner described, of the automatic switching appliances set forth. It is therefore to be understood that the regulator herein indicated is merely typical of a generator provided with any kind of a current-regulator operating eitherby shifting the comm utator-brushes or upon any other principle.

C C indicate electric-arc lamps placed on the general circuit 5, connected to the generator.

D D indicate incandescent electric lamps arranged in multiple arc in relation to one another, and also placed 011 the same general circuit with the lamps C. The number of such lamps or the number of multiple-arc connections is of course determined by the current strength required to operate the arc lamps C. For instance, if the current strength upon the general circuit is ten amperes, ten incandescent lamps requiring one ampere each should be simultaneously in cir- 10o cuit. If each lamp requires a greater amount of current, the number of multiple arc branches and lamps should of course be correspondingly decreased.

S indicates an electric switch that serves to disconnect said lamps from the general circuit.

R indicates an electro-magnet of high resistance in an extra branch or loop, and T an artificial resistance, which may be approximately equal to the resistance of an incandescent lamp, but may be more or less without affecting the operation. The circuit of said resistance is closed whenever the strength of the magnet R becomes abnormally great, and said resistance is then in a branch around the lamps, so that a portion of the current may be diverted through it.

If the current on the general circuit should suddenly increase, owing to any accident to the are lights, and the regulator of the machine should not act quickly enough to restore the current to normal, the incandescent lights would be destroyed; but as the magnet R is influenced simultaneously with such increase of current it attracts its armature and closes the circuit to resistance T, thus providing an additional pathway for the current and preventing theincandescent lamps from receiving an excess of current. As soon as the current-regulator restores the current to its proper strength the armature of magnet R will drop back; but the incandescent lamps will not then be affected.

In combination with each incandescent lamp D is employed an auxiliary lamp D which is lighted automatically in casea lamp D breaks. The lamps D D are both mounted on a common casing ll, containing an electro-magnet M, in the circuit of lamp D. Lamp D is in a branch circuit, as indicated, that is only closed when the armature of magnet H is drawn against its back contact-stop. While the lamp D is burning the circuit of lamp D is broken. If, however, lamp D is destroyed, the magnet M loses its power, and the armature-lever, falling back, closes-the circuit to lamp D which is immediately lighted. The armature of magnet M remains against its back-stop,since the branch containing the back contact and the lamp D is a branch around both lamp D and magnet M, so that the latter cannot be energized by the lighting of the lamp D 'The magnet M is of low resistance preferably; but this is not a material matter, its function being only to hold the switch open while current flows through it and the lamp D. If the lamp which is broken be replaced, sufficient current will flow through the magnet M to open the circuit to lamp D and the new lamp replacing D will burn, the lamp D being rcserved for any emergency.

I do not limit myself to any particular form of electro-magnets or switches, nor to any particular amount of resistance in the magnet R or in resistance T. The latter should be sufficient to divert current from the lamps D to an amount that will protect them from any extraordinary fluctuations of current that would otherwise destroy them. It should not, however, be so low as to produce any excessive change in the total resistance upon the general circuit. MagnetR is preferably of high resistance, so as to prevent waste of current through it. The retractor for its armature is adjusted to prevent said armature from moving and closing the circuit, excepting when the current upon the general circuit rises to such an extent as to endanger the lamps D. Themagn et R also serves to protectthe lamps D from injury in case, through the breakage of one or more of the multiple-arc circuits, the lamps remaining should be compelled to take a dangerous amount of current. In such instance the amount of current flowing in magnet R rises with the diminution of the number of multiple-arc circuits, and thus closes the extra branch through T, so as to split up the total current. Under ordinary circumstances the auxiliary lamp meets all the requirements; but in case an auxiliary lamp should also be destroyed the magnet R then comes into play to protect the remaining lamps.

\Vhat I claim as my invention is 1. The combination, substantially as described, in one and the same system, of an electric-arc light or lights ,and incandescing lights arranged in multiple are, a generator supplying current to said system and provided with any suitable automatic regulator, and an electro magnet of high resistance in a branch around the incandescing lights, said electro-magnet controlling an extra branch circuit containing a resistance and serving to close said branch upon any momentary extra flow of current due to the derangement of an are light and the sluggishness of the regulator in adapting the current to the changed resistance consequent upon such derangemcnt.

2. The combination, with a number of incandescent electric lamps arranged in multiple are, of an electro-magnet of high resistance in a branch around said lamps, an extra branch or multiple-arc connection controlled by said electro-magnet, and with each incandescent lamp an auxiliary lamp, a switch controlling the circuit therefor, and a switch electro-magnet placed in the n'iultiple-arc connections in a branch around the extra or auxiliary lamp.

3. The combination, with a number of incandescent lamps arranged in multiple are, of an elcctro-magnet of high resistance in a branch around the same, and a switch governed by said magnet and controlling an extra branch and resistance, as and for the purpose described.

a. The combination, upon a circuit supplied from a machine that is provided with an automatic regulator, of an electric-arc lamp or lamps in series,incandescentlamps arranged in multiple arc with one another, but in series with the arc lamps, and ahigh-rcsistance IIO magnet in a branch around said incandescent lamps for closing an extra or branch circuit in case the automatic regulator fails to act promptly.

5. The combination, with a number of illcandescent lamps arranged in multiple arc, of an electro-magnet in a high-resistance branch around them, and an extra branch controlled by said magnet and closed by the increased flow of current in the magnet-caused by the extinction of a lamp or lamps, whereby an extra path may be provided and the proper subdivision, of the current maintained, so as to prevent injury to the remaining lamps in multiple arc.

6. The combination,with a group of incandescent lamps arranged in multiple arc, of an extra branch, an electro-magnet connected with the circuit, so as to vary in power with the variations of current-flow in the lamps, and an electric switch controlled by said magnet for diverting the current through said branch in case of abnormal current-fiow in the multiple-arc branch, whereby the lamps descent lamps arranged in multiple arc with one another upon a circuit containing arc lamps or other translating devices in series, of an extra branch around the group of incandescent lamps, an electro-magnet connected to the circuit, and an electric switch controlled thereby for diverting current through said branch in case ofv a dangerous increase of current ina multiple-arc branch, whereby the lamps in the latter may be protected from injury.

8. The combination, with a group of incandescent lamps arranged in multiple arc, of a high-resistance branch containing an electromagnet and an extra branch controlled by said magnet, whereby current may be diverted from said multiple-arc branches and the lamps therein protected from injury, as and for the purpose described.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York.

\VILLIAM HOCHHAUSEN.

*itnesses:

THOS. TOOMEY, WM. 11. BLAIN. 

